تبیین پدیدارشناسانه تجربه زیسته دختران نوجوان از علل اقدام به خودکشی

نویسندگان
محمود زیوری رحمان 1
سمیه پور مجاهد 2
علی قارداشی 2
1 دانشگاه سید جمال الدین اسدآبادی
2 مرکز خدمات روانشناختی و مشاوره آموزش و پرورش استان همدان
چکیده
براساس گزارش سازمان جهانی بهداشت، خودکشی یکی از علل عمده مرگ‌ومیر در بین جوانان و نوجوانان است. در ایران نیز، آمارهای موجود نشان‌دهنده افزایش میزان خودکشی، به‌ویژه در میان نوجوانان، می‌باشد که این امر نیازمند تحلیل و بررسی دقیق‌تری است. بنابراین، شناسایی علل اقدام به خودکشی در نوجوانان از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. در این راستا این پژوهش، با هدف تبیین پدیدارشناسانه تجربه زیسته دختران نوجوان از علل اقدام به خودکشی انجام شد. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کیفی و بر مبنای رویکرد پدیدارشناسی توصیفی با استفاده از تکنیک تحلیل مضمون انجام شد. نمونه پژوهش شامل 16 نفر از دانش‌آموزان دختر مقطع متوسطه دوم در شهر همدان است که در سال 1402 اقدام به خودکشی کرده‌اند. این نمونه با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری انتخاب شد. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق و نیمه‌ساختاریافته جمع‌آوری شده و برای تحلیل آن‌ها از روش 7 مرحله‌ای کلایزی استفاده گردید. نتایج تحلیل داده‌ها منجر به استخراج 9 مضمون اصلی و 21 مضمون فرعی شد که مضامین اصلی به‌صورت زیر طبقه‌بندی گردید: 1) فشارهای خانوادگی، 2) فشارهای اجتماعی و فرهنگی، 3) عوامل روانی و احساسی، 4) تجارب عاطفی و زندگی، 5) سبک فرزندپروری، 6) روابط اجتماعی و دوستان، 7) فقدان مهارت‌های مقابله‌ای و حل مسئله، 8) فشارهای محیط مدرسه و نظام آموزشی، 9) عوامل محیطی و اجتماعی. این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که اقدام به خودکشی در دختران نوجوان، پدیده‌ای پیچیده و چندبعدی است که تحت تأثیر ترکیبی از عوامل مختلف قرار دارد. از این‌رو، به منظور پیشگیری و مداخلات مؤثر، لازم است که توجه به ابعاد مختلف فردی، خانوادگی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی در سیاست‌گذاری‌ها و برنامه‌های حمایتی لحاظ شود. همچنین، این تحقیق ضرورت توجه ویژه به مهارت‌های مقابله‌ای، حمایت‌های روانی و تغییرات در محیط‌های اجتماعی مانند خانواده و مدرسه را به‌عنوان راهکارهایی جهت کاهش رفتارهای خودکشی در دختران نوجوان برجسته می‌سازد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
پدیدارشناسی
تجربه زیسته
اقدام به خودکشی
نوجوانان
دختران

عنوان مقاله English

The Phenomenological Explanation of Adolescent Girls' Lived Experience of the Causes of Suicide Attempts

نویسندگان English

Mahmoud Zivari Rahman 1
Somayeh Pour Mojahad 2
Ali Qardashi 2
1 Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University
2 Counseling and Psychological Services Center
چکیده English

According to the report of the World Health Organization, suicide is one of the main causes of death among young people and adolescents, in Iran, the available statistics indicate an increase in suicide, especially among adolescents, which requires deep analysis and investigation, so identifying the causes of action Adolescent suicide is considered a necessity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a phenomenological explanation of adolescent girls' lived experiences regarding the causes of suicide attempts. The research method was a qualitative descriptive phenomenological type using thematic analysis technique. The field of research includes second secondary female students studying in Hamadan schools who committed suicide in 1402. 16 people were selected as a sample by purposive sampling method until theoretical saturation was reached. The data were collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews, and the 7-step Claysey method was used for their analysis. The findings from the interviews were extracted and classified into 9 main themes and 21 sub-themes. which includes 1- family pressures. 2- Social and cultural pressures. 3- Psychological and emotional factors. 4- Emotional and life experiences. 5-Parenting style. 6- Social relations and friends. 7- Lack of coping skills and problem solving. 8- The pressures of the school environment and educational system. 9- Environmental and social factors. This research indicates that suicide attempts among adolescent girls are a complex and multifaceted phenomenon influenced by a combination of various factors. Therefore, in order to implement effective prevention and intervention strategies, it is essential that policies and support programs take into account the different individual, familial, social, and cultural dimensions. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of focusing on coping skills, psychological support, and changes in social environments such as family and school as key approaches to reducing suicidal behaviors in adolescent girls.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Phenomenology
lived experience
suicide attempts
adolescents
Girls
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