The Role of prefrotal cortex in subjective mood: A Transcranial Direct Current stimulation Study

Authors
Fathemeh Keshvari
Pouneh Heshmati
Aniseh Ghasemyan
Shahid beheshti university
10.29252/rph.11.1.25
Abstract
In this study we aimed to investigate whether anodal Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of left and right Dorsolatera prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) could affect subjective negative /positive mood in healthy subjects. In a quasi-experimental study, participants (20 female, 20 male) were received three left anodal DLPFC/ Right anodal DLPFC and Sham stimulation (2mA, 20 min) in a random order independent sessions. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) was administered for assessing subjective mood, before and after treatment. Friedman Test and Mann-Whitny U were used for analysising data. Results indicated that left anodal tDCS over DLPFC diminish subjective report of negative mood. Moreover, the effects of tDCS on decreasing positive mood in men was greater than women. Active bifrontal tDCS in our population not only was not compatible with previous results in healthy population, but also it was similar to tDCS application in depressed population. Further studies with precise assessment of mood and emotion, and with applying different tDCS montages could generate complementary finding about the role of the DLPFC in subjective mood.
Keywords
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Dorsolatera prefrontal cortex
Mood
Baeken, C., Leyman, L. E. M. K. E., De Raedt, R., Vanderhasselt, M. A., & D'haenen, H. (2006). Lack of impact of repetitive high frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation on mood in healthy female subjects. Journal of affective disorders, 90(1), 63-66.
Belyi, B. I. (1987). Mental impairment in unilateral frontal tumours: role of the laterality of the lesion. International journal of neuroscience, 32(3-4), 799-810.
Boggio, P. S., Bermpohl, F., Vergara, A. O., Muniz, A. L., Nahas, F. H., Leme, P. B., & Fregni, F. (2007). Go-no-go task performance improvement after anodal transcranial DC stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in major depression. Journal of affective disorders, 101(1), 91-98.
Boggio, P. S., Rigonatti, S. P., Ribeiro, R. B., Myczkowski, M. L., Nitsche, M. A., Pascual-Leone, A., & Fregni, F. (2008). A randomized, double-blind clinical trial on the efficacy of cortical direct current stimulation for the treatment of major depression. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 11(2), 249-254.
Boggio, P. S., Rocha, R. R., da Silva, M. T., & Fregni, F. (2008). Differential modulatory effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on a facial expression go-no-go task in males and females. Neuroscience letters, 447(2), 101-105.
Brunoni, A. R., Nitsche, M. A., Bolognini, N., Bikson, M., Wagner, T., Merabet, L& Ferrucci, R. (2012). Clinical research with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): challenges and future directions. Brain stimulation, 5(3), 175-195.
Butler, T., Pan, H., Imperato-McGinley, J., Voyer, D., Cunningham-Bussel, A. C., Cordero, J. J., & Stern, E. (2007). A network approach to fMRI condition-dependent cognitive activation studies as applied to understanding sex differences. Clinical Neuroscience Research, 6(6), 391-398.
Chaieb, L., Antal, A., & Paulus, W. (2008). Gender-specific modulation of short-term neuroplasticity in the visual cortex induced by transcranial direct current stimulation. Visual neuroscience, 25(01), 77-81.
Daskalakis, Z. J., Christensen, B. K., Fitzgerald, P. B., & Chen, R. (2002). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: a new investigational and treatment tool in psychiatry. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 14(4), 406-415.
Dedoncker, J., Brunoni, A. R., Baeken, C., & Vanderhasselt, M. A. (2016). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in healthy and neuropsychiatric samples: influence of stimulation parameters. Brain stimulation.
De Raedt, R., Vanderhasselt, M. A., & Baeken, C. (2015). Neurostimulation as an intervention for treatment resistant depression: from research on mechanisms towards targeted neurocognitive strategies. Clinical psychology review, 41, 61-69.
Ellis, H. C., & Moore, B. A. (1999). Mood and memory. Handbook of cognition and emotion, 193-210.
Ekman, P. (1999). “Basic emotions,” in Handbook of Cognition and Emotion, Eds T. Dalgleish and M. J. Power (New York: John Wiley and Sons), 45–60.
Feeser, M., Prehn, K., Kazzer, P., Mungee, A., & Bajbouj, M. (2014). Transcranial direct current stimulation enhances cognitive control during emotion regulation. Brain stimulation, 7(1), 105-112.
Ferrucci, R., & Priori, A. (2014). Transcranial cerebellar direct current stimulation (tcDCS): motor control, cognition, learning and emotions. Neuroimage, 85, 918-923.
Fregni, F., Boggio, P. S., Nitsche, M. A., Marcolin, M. A., Rigonatti, S. P., & Pascual‐Leone, A. (2006). Treatment of major depression with transcranial direct current stimulation. Bipolar disorders, 8(2), 203-204.
Gandiga, P. C., Hummel, F. C., & Cohen, L. G. (2006). Transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS): a tool for double-blind sham-controlled clinical studies in brain stimulation. Clinical Neurophysiology, 117(4), 845-850.
Mozaffari, Sh. (1382). Posirtive Psychology- mental happiness affect, Shiraz Universoty Publication.
Grimm, S., Schmidt, C. F., Bermpohl, F., Heinzel, A., Dahlem, Y., Wyss, M., Hell, D., Boesiger, P., Boeker, H., and Northoff, G. (2006). Segregated neural representation of distinct emotion dimensions in the prefrontal cortex-an fMRI study. Neuroimage 30, 325–340
Habel, U., Klein, M., Kellermann, T., Shah, N. J., and Schneider, F. (2005). Same or different? Neural correlates of happy and sad mood in healthy males. Neuroimage 26, 206–214.
Hamilton, R., Messing, S., & Chatterjee, A. (2011). Rethinking the thinking cap Ethics of neural enhancement using noninvasive brain stimulation. Neurology, 76(2), 187-193.
Herrington, J. D., Mohanty, A., Koven, N. S., Fisher, J. E., Stewart, J. L., Banich, M. T., Webb, A. G., Miller, G. A., and Heller, W. (2005). Emotion-modulated performance and activity in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Emotion 5, 200–207.
Klein, E., Kreinin, I., Chistyakov, A., Koren, D., Mecz, L., Marmur, S. & Feinsod, M. (1999). Therapeutic efficacy of right prefrontal slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression: a double-blind controlled study. Archives of general psychiatry, 56(4), 315-320.
Koenigs, M., Ukueberuwa, D., Campion, P., Grafman, J., & Wassermann, E. (2009). Bilateral frontal transcranial direct current stimulation: failure to replicate classic findings in healthy subjects. Clinical Neurophysiology, 120(1), 80-84.
Kuo, M. F., Paulus, W., & Nitsche, M. A. (2006). Sex differences in cortical neuroplasticity in humans. Neuroreport, 17(16), 1703-1707.
Kuo, M. F., & Nitsche, M. A. (2012). Effects of transcranial electrical stimulation on cognition. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 43(3), 192-199.
Lippold, O. C. J., & Redfearn, J. W. T. (1964). Mental changes resulting from the passage of small direct currents through the human brain. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 110(469), 768-772.
Loo, C. K., Sachdev, P., Martin, D., Pigot, M., Alonzo, A., Malhi, G. S., & Mitchell, P. (2010). A double-blind, sham-controlled trial of transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of depression. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 13(1), 61-69.
Markowitsch, H. J., Vandekerckhove, M. M., Lanfermann, H., & Russ, M. O. (2003). Engagement of lateral and medial prefrontal areas in the ecphory of sad and happy autobiographical memories. Cortex, 39(4), 643-665.
Marshall L, Molle M, Hallschmid M, Born J. (2004) Transcranial direct current stimulation during sleep improves declarative memory. Journal of Neuroscience. 24(44):9985-9992.
Maeoka, H., Matsuo, A., Hiyamizu, M., Morioka, S., & Ando, H. (2012). Influence of transcranial direct current stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on pain related emotions: a study using electroencephalographic power spectrum analysis. Neuroscience letters, 512(1), 12-16.
Mitchell, P. B., & Loo, C. K. (2006). Transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression. Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 40(5), 406-413.
Mondino, M., Thiffault, F., & Fecteau, S. (2015). Does non-invasive brain stimulation applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex non-specifically influence mood and emotional processing in healthy individuals?. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 9.
Motohashi, N., Yamaguchi, M., Fujii, T., & Kitahara, Y. (2013). Mood and cognitive function following repeated transcranial direct current stimulation in healthy volunteers: a preliminary report. Neuroscience research, 77(1), 64-69.
Mosimann, U. P., Rihs, T. A., Engeler, J., Fisch, H. U., & Schlaepfer, T. E. (2000). Mood effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of left prefrontal cortex in healthy volunteers. Psychiatry research, 94(3), 251-256.
Morgan, H. M., Davis, N. J., and Bracewell, R. M. (2014). Does Transcranial direct current stimulation to prefrontal cortex affect mood and emotional memory retrieval in healthy individuals? PLoS ONE, 9:e92162.
Nitsche, M. A., Fricke, K., Henschke, U., Schlitterlau, A., Liebetanz, D., Lang, N., & Paulus, W. (2003). Pharmacological modulation of cortical excitability shifts induced by transcranial direct current stimulation in humans. The Journal of physiology, 553(1), 293-301.
Nitsche, M. A., Boggio, P. S., Fregni, F., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2009). Treatment of depression with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): a review. Experimental neurology, 219(1), 14-19.
Nitsche, M. A., Koschack, J., Pohlers, H., Hullemann, S., Paulus, W., & Happe, S. (2012). Effects of frontal transcranial direct current stimulation on emotional state and processing in healthy humans.
Nord, C. L., & Roiser, J. P. (2015). Non-invasive direct current brain stimulation: the evidence behind the hype. Advances in Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, 15(5), 9-11.
Phan, K. L., Wager, T., Taylor, S. F., and Liberzon, I. (2002). Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: a metaanalysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI. Neuroimage 16,331–348.
Plazier, M., Joos, K., Vanneste, S., Ost, J., & De Ridder, D. (2012). Bifrontal and bioccipital transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) does not induce mood changes in healthy volunteers: a placebo controlled study. Brain stimulation, 5(4), 454-461.
Plewnia, C., Schroeder, P. A., Kunze, R., Faehling, F., & Wolkenstein, L. (2015). Keep calm and carry on: improved frustration tolerance and processing speed by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). PloS one,10(4), e0122578.
Peña-Gómez, C., Vidal-Piñeiro, D., Clemente, I. C., Pascual-Leone, Á., and Bartrés-Faz, D. (2011). Down-regulation of negative emotional processing by transcranial direct current stimulation: effects of personality characteristics. PLoS ONE 6:e22812
Robinson, R. G., & Lipsey, J. R. (1984). Cerebral localization of emotion based on clinical-neuropathological correlations: methodological issues. Psychiatric developments, 3(4), 335-347.
Schutter, D. J., & van Honk, J. (2006). Increased positive emotional memory after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the orbitofrontal cortex. Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience: JPN, 31(2), 101.
Sergerie, K., Lepage, M., and Armony,J. L. (2005). A face to remember: emotional expression modulates prefrontal activity during memory formation. Neuroimage 24, 580–585.
Steele, J. D., & Lawrie, S. M. (2004). Segregation of cognitive and emotional function in the prefrontal cortex: a stereotactic meta-analysis. Neuroimage, 21(3), 868-875.
Ueda, K., Okamoto, Y., Okada, G., Yamashita, H., Hori, T., and Yamawaki, S. (2003). Brain activity during expectancy of emotional stimuli: an fMRI study. Neuroreport 14, 51–55.