Prevalence of behavioral disorders in students and prediction of that based on emotional abuse

Authors
Mahdi Abdollah Zadeh Rafi 1
Maryam Hassanzade 2
Abbas Nesayan 3
Roghayaeh Assadi Gandomani 3
1 Farhangiyan University
2 Ferdosi University
3 University of Bojnord
10.18869/acadpub.rph.10.2.28
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was predicting behavioral disorders based on emotional abuse in the first high school students. Method: Method of this study is descriptive-analytic method. Research community were included all first grade high school students in Jajarm city. 519 students were selected as sample through Census method. These students were completed adolescent self-reported questionnaire and emotional abuse questionnaire. To analyze data were used descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential methods (Pearson correlation and regression). Results: The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between behavioral disorders (total scores, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant and conduct disorder) and emotional abuse (total scores and its subscales) (05 / 0p <). Regression analysis showed that the variables of emotional abuse could predict behavioral disorders. Conclusion: The results showed that educational and family environment should be pay attention to this issue because there is a significant relationship between emotional abuse and behavioral disorder.
Keywords
Prevalence
behavioral disorders
emotional abuse
Students
Briere, J., & Runtz, M. (1988). Multivariate correlates of childhood psychological and physical maltreatment among university women. Child Abuse & Neglect.12, 331-341.

Bowlby, J. (1989). The role of attachment in personality development and psychopathology. In Greenspan, S I. & Pollock, G H. (Eds.). The course of life. Vol. 1: Infancy. (pp. 229-270). Madison, CT: International Universities Press.

Bronsard, G., Lançon, C., Loundou, A., Auquier, P., Rufo, M., & Siméoni, M. (2011). Prevalence rate of DSM mental disorders among adolescents living in residential group homes of the French Child Welfare System. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 1886–1890.

Burns, N. R., Lee, M. D., Vickers, D., & Burns, N. (2006). Individual differences in problem solving and intelligence. Journal of Problem Solving, 1(1), 20-32.

Colman, R A ., & Widom, C S. (2004). Childhood abuse and neglect and adult intimate relationships: a prospective study. Child Abuse & Neglect. 28, 1133–1151.

Erickson, M., Egeland, B. & Pianta, R. (1989). The effects of maltreatment on the development of young children. In D. Cicchetti, & V. Carlson (Eds.), Child maltreatment: Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect (pp. 647–684). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Follingstad, D R., & Dehart, D D. (2000). Defining Psychological Abuse Of Husbands Towards Wives: Contexts Behaviors & Typologies. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 9, 891-920.

Gibb, B E., & Abela, J R Z. (2008). Emotional Abuse, Verbal Victimization, and the Development of Children’s Negative Inferential Styles and Depressive Symptoms. Cogn Ther Res. 32,161–176.

Glaser, D., Prior, V. & Lynch, M. (2001). Emotional abuse and emotional neglect: Antecedents, operational definitions and consequences. York: British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect.

Gross, A. B. & Keller, H. R. (1992). Long-term consequences of childhood physical and psychological maltreatment. Aggressive Behavior, 18, 171–185.

Hamarman, S. (2000).Evaluating And Reporting Emotional Abuse In Children: Parent-Based, Action Based Focus Aids In Clinical Decision-Making. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child And Adolescent Psychiatry. 1-7.

Hart, S., Binggeli, N. & Brassard, M. (1998). Evidence of the effects of psychological maltreatment. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 1, 27–58.

Kirk, S., Gallagher, J.J & Coleman, M .(2015). Educating Exceptional children. Wadsworth.

Mills, R., Scott, J., Alati, R., O’Callaghan, M., Najman, J. M., & Strathearn, L. (2013). Child maltreatment and adolescent mental health problems in a large birth cohort. Child abuse & neglect, 37(5), 292-302.

Powers, A., Ressler, K. J., & Bradley, R. G. (2009). The protective role of friendship on the effects of childhood abuse and depression. Depression and anxiety, 26(1), 46-53.

Schore, A .N. (2001). The Effects Of Early Relational Trauma On Right Brain Development, Affect Regulation, And Infant Mental Health. Infant Mental Health Journal, 1)2:( 201–269.

Sebopelo, N. P. (2012). The relationship between symptoms of attention-decifit / hyperactivity disorder and child abuse in adolescents, M.A. Thesis in Clinical Psychology, University of Limpopo.

Shaffer, A., Yates, T M., & Egeland, B R. (2009). The relation of emotional maltreatment to early adolescent competence: Developmental processes in a prospective study. Child Abuse & Neglect. 33, 36–44.

Shenk, C. E., Noll, J. G., & Cassarly, J. A. (2010). A Multiple Mediational Test of the Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Non-suicidal Self-Injury. J Youth Adolescence,39,335–342.

Silva, T. C., Graña, J. L., & González-Cieza, L. (2013). Self-Reported Physical and Emotional Abuse Among Youth Offenders and Their Association With Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology: A Preliminary Study. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 0306624X12474975.

Spertus, I. L., Yehuda, R., Wong, C. M., Halligan, S & Seremetis S. V.(2003). Childhood emotional abuse and neglect as predictors of psychological and physical symptoms in women presenting to a primary care practice. Child Abuse and Neglect, 27, 1247–1258.

Sylvestre, A., & Mérette, C. (2010). Language delay in severely neglected children: A cumulative or specific effect of risk factors? Child Abuse & Neglect. 34,414–428.

Toth, S L., Manly, JT., & Cicchetti, D.(1992). Child maltreatment and vulnerability to depression. Development and Psychopathology. 4,97–112.

Wekerle, C., Leung, E., Wall, A. M., MacMillan, H., Boyle, M., Trocme, N & Waechterm R. (2009) The contribution of childhood emotional abuse to teen dating violence among child protective services-involved youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33, 45–58.

World Health Organization .(2006). Preventing child maltreatment: a guide to taking action and generating evidence. retrieved from www.who.int-topics-child_abuse-en-