The Comparison of Metacognitive Beliefs and Pain-catastrophizing between Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome, Women with Chronic Pain and Normal Women

Authors
Yaser Bodaghi
Eshag Rahimian Boogar
University of Semnan
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing metacognitive beliefs and pain catastrophizing between women with fibromyalgia syndrome, women with chronic pain and normal women. In this research, 40 people with fibromyalgia syndrome, 40 people with chronic pain and 40 normal people were selected from the women of Tehran. The participants completed two scales, the short form of the Wells Metacognition Questionnaire and the standard pain catastrophizing questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and post hoc tests in SPSS 26 software. The results of the one-way analysis of variance test show that the mean scores of the pain catastrophizing variable are higher in the fibromyalgia group than in the chronic pain group and are higher in the chronic pain group than in the normal group. The results of multivariate variance analysis of metacognitive beliefs show that, except for the variable of positive belief about worry, the average of metacognitive beliefs in fibromyalgia and chronic pain groups is higher than the normal group. According to the findings of this research, dealing with metacognitive beliefs and pain catastrophizing in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia and chronic pain should be taken into account.
Keywords
Chronic pain
Fibromyalgia
metacognitive beliefs
Pain catastrophizing
1. AL-Sayaghi KM, Fadlalmola HA, Aljohani WA, Alenezi AM, Aljohani DT, Aljohani TA, et al. Nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain assessment and management in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare 2022; 10: 528. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030528
2. Treede RD, Rief W, Barke A, Aziz Q, Bennett MI, Benoliel R, et al. Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease: the IASP classification of chronic pain for the international classification of diseases (ICD-11). Pain 2019: 160(1): 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001384
3. Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, Goldenberg DL, Häuser W, Katz RL, et al. 2016 Revisions to the 2010/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 2016; 46(3): 319-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012
4. Banfi G, Diani M, Pigatto PD, Reali E. T cell subpopulations in the physiopathology of fibromyalgia: Evidence and perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020; 21(4): 1186. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041186
5. Maffei ME. Fibromyalgia: Recent advances in diagnosis, classification, pharmacotherapy and alternative remedies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020; 21(21): 7877. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217877
6. Cameron EC, Hemingway SL. Cannabinoids for fibromyalgia pain: a critical review of recent studies (2015-2019). Journal of Cannabis Research 2020; 2(1): 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42238-020-00024-2
7. Siracusa R, Paola RD, Cuzzocrea S, Impellizzeri D. Fibromyalgia: pathogenesis, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment options update. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021; 22(8): 3891. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083891
8. Steingrímsdóttir ÓA, Landmark T, Macfarlane GJ, Nielsen CS. Defining chronic pain in epidemiological studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain 2017; 158(11): 2092–2107. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001009
9. Dahlhamer J, Lucas J, Zelaya C, Nahin R, Mackey S, DeBar L, et al. Prevalence of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain among adults - United States, 2016. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality Weekly Report 2018; 67(36): 1001–1006. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6736a2
10. Nicholas M, Vlaeyen JWS, Rief W, Barke A, Aziz Q, Benoliel R, et al. The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic primary pain. Pain 2019; 160(1): 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001390
11. Dong HJ, Gerdle B, Bernfort L, Levin LÅ, Dragioti E. Pain catastrophizing in older adults with chronic pain: The mediator effect of mood using a path analysis approach. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020; 9(7): 2073. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072073
12. Bruce M, Lopatina E, Hodge J, Moffat K, Khan S, Pyle P, et al. Understanding the chronic pain journey and coping strategies that patients use to manage their chronic pain: a qualitative, patient-led, Canadian study. BMJ open 2023; 13(7): e072048. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072048
13. Khera T, Rangasamy V. Cognition and pain: A review. Frontiers in Psychology 2021; 12, 673962. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.673962
14. Petrini L, Arendt-Nielsen L. Understanding Pain Catastrophizing: Putting Pieces Together. Frontiers in psychology 2020; 11: 603420. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.603420
15. Varallo G, Giusti EM, Scarpina F, Cattivelli R, Capodaglio P, Castelnuovo G. The association of kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing with pain-related disability and pain intensity in obesity and chronic lower-back pain. Brain Sciences 2020; 11(1): 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010011
16. Reiter S, Eli I, Mahameed M, Emodi-Perlman A, Friedman-Rubin P, Reiter MA, et al. Pain catastrophizing and pain persistence in temporomandibular disorder patients. Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache 2018; 32(3): 309–320. https://doi.org/10.11607/ofph.1968
17. Dunn LK, Durieux ME, Fernández LG, Tsang S, Smith-Straesser EE, Jhaveri HF, et al. Influence of catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression on in-hospital opioid consumption, pain, and quality of recovery after adult spine surgery. Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine 2018; 28(1): 119–126. https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.5.SPINE1734
18. Suso-Ribera C, García-Palacios A, Botella C, Ribera-Canudas MV. Pain catastrophizing and its relationship with health outcomes: Does pain intensity matter? Pain Research & Management, 2017; 8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9762864
19. Rachor GS, Penney AM. Exploring metacognitions in health anxiety and chronic pain: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Psychology 2020; 8(1): 81. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00455-9
20. Schütze R, Rees C, Slater H, Smith A, O'Sullivan P. 'I call it stinkin' thinkin'': A qualitative analysis of metacognition in people with chronic low back pain and elevated catastrophizing. British journal of health psychology 2017; 22(3): 463–480. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12240
21. Wells A. (2009) Metacognitive Therapy for Anxiety and Depression Reprint Edition.
22. Batmaz S. The conceptual foundations of metacognitive therapy. Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research 2014; 3: 11-17.
23. Wells A, Capobianco L, Matthews G, Nordahl HM. Editorial: Metacognitive therapy: Science and practice of a paradigm. Frontiers in Psychology 2020; 11: 576210. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576210
24. Lenzo V, Sardella A, Martino G, Quattropani MC. A systematic review of metacognitive beliefs in chronic medical conditions. Frontiers in Psychology 2020; 10: 2875. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02875
25. Jacobsen HB, Glette M, Hara KW, Stiles TC. Metacognitive beliefs as predictors of return to work after intensive return-to-work rehabilitation in patients with chronic pain, chronic fatigue and common psychological disorders: results from a prospective trial. Frontiers in psychology 2020; 11: 70. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00070
26. Yoshida T, Molton IR, Jensen MP, Nakamura T, Arimura T, Kubo C, et al. Cognitions, metacognitions, and chronic pain. Rehabilitation Psychology 2012; 57(3): 207–213. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028903
27. Wells A. Cartwright HS. A short form of metacognitions questionnaire. J Behavior research and therapy 2004; 42(40): 385–396.
28. Shirinzadeh Dastgerdi S, Goodarzi MA, Rahimi Ch, Nazari Gh. Study of factor structure, validity and reliability of metacognition questionnaire-30. Hournal of Psychology 2009; 12: 445-461. (in Persian)
29. Sullivan MJL, Bishop SR, Pivik J. The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation. Psychological Assessment 1995; 7(4): 524–532. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.4.524
30. Mohammadi S, Dehghani M, Heydari M, Sedaghat M, Khatibi A. Investigating psychological similarities related to pain in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and their spouses. Journal of Behavioral Sciences 2012; 7(1): 57-66. (in Persian)
31. Conversano C, Laura M, Rebecca C, Mirabelli V, Angelo G. Catastrophizing and fibromyalgia: A mini- review. Journal Transl Neurosci 2018; 3(7). DOI: 10.21767/2573-5349.100020
32. Kollmann J, Gollwitzer M, Spada MM, Fernie BA. The association between metacognitions and the impact of Fibromyalgia in a German sample. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2016; 83: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.02.002.
33. Golabi N, Abdulahi MH, Shahqalian M. The relationship between emotion regulation and metacognitive beliefs with pain management in people with chronic headache. Clinical Psychology and Personality 2015; 14(1): 61. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/208650/fa