مراقبه و ذهن آگاهی: کاهش دفاع های آنی و درنگیده در برابر اندیشۀ مرگ

نویسنده
گروه روان شناسی، واحد بویین زهرا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بویین زهرا، ایران
چکیده
پژوهش ها همبستگی منفی ذهن آگاهی با واکنش های دفاعی به یادآوری/اندیشۀ مرگ را نشان داده اند و هدف پژوهش کنونی این بود که با روش آزمایشی، اثر مراقبه و ذهن آگاهی بر این واکنش ها را روشن کند. فراخوان شرکت در پژوهش به 30 هزار مشترک همراه اول و ایرانسل شهر تهران پیامک شد و با روش دسترس، 127 نفر از آنها (53 مرد) با میانگین سنی 37 سال برای شرکت در این پژوهش گزینش و به گونۀ تصادفی به چهار گروه مراقبه-اندیشۀ مرگ، مراقبه-بدون اندیشۀ مرگ، بدون مراقبه-اندیشۀ مرگ، و بدون مراقبه-بدون اندیشۀ مرگ گمارده شدند. پس از آموزش مراقبۀ تنفس ذهن آگاهانۀ بودایی و اندازه گیری ذهن آگاهی با مقیاس ذهن آگاهی تورونتو، اندیشۀ مرگ با روش بورک و همکاران (2010) در آزمودنی ها به وجود آمد و آنگاه فرونشانی اندیشۀ مرگ به عنوان یک دفاع آنی با روش آرنت و همکاران (1997) یک بار پس از به وجود آوردن اندیشۀ مرگ و یک بار پس از یک درنگ، و دفاع از جهان بینی خویش به عنوان یک دفاع درنگیده با روش گرینبرگ و همکاران (1990) پس از یک درنگ اندازه گیری شد. تحلیل های واریانس نشان دادند که مراقبه، ذهن-آگاهی را افزایش داده و توانسته است از اثر اندیشۀ مرگ بر فرونشانی اندیشۀ مرگ و دفاع از جهان بینی خویش جلوگیری کند. پس مراقبه می تواند با افزایش ذهن آگاهی، واکنش های دفاعی به اندیشه و اضطراب مرگ، که اثرهای زیان بار این واکنش ها برای فرد و جامعه ثابت شده است، را کاهش دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Meditation and Mindfulness: Reducing the Immediate and Delayed Defenses against the Thought of Death

نویسنده English

Ebrahim Ahmadi
Department of Psychology, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra, Iran
چکیده English

Research has shown a negative correlation between mindfulness and defensive reactions to the reminder/thought of death, and the purpose of the present study was to illuminate the effect of meditation and mindfulness on these reactions using an experimental method. The call for participation in the study was sent to 30,000 subscribers of Hamrahe Aval and Irancell in Tehran and using the convenience sampling, 127 of them (53 males) with a mean age of 37 years were selected to participate in this study and were randomly assign to four groups of Meditation-Death Thought, Meditation-Without Death Thought, Without Meditation-Death Thought, and Without Meditation-Without Death Thought. After teaching Buddhist mindful breathing meditation and measuring mindfulness using Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS), death thought was created in participants using the method of Burke et al. (2010) and then death thought Suppression, as an immediate defense, was measured using the method of Arndt et al. (1997) once after creating death thought and once after a delay, and worldview defense, as a delayed defense, was measured using the method of Greenberg et al. (1990) after a delay. ANOVAs showed that meditation increased mindfulness and was able to prevent the effect of death thought on death thought suppression

کلیدواژه‌ها English

meditation
Mindfulness
death thought
Death anxiety
defensive reactions
death thought suppression
worldview defense
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