ابعاد سلامت و آسیب‌شناختی فرزندپروری در خانواده های ایرانی: یک پژوهش کیفی

نویسندگان
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی ابعاد سلامت و آسیب‌شناختی فرزندپروری در خانواده‌های ایرانی بود. طرح این پژوهش کیفی و شیوه مورد استفاده در آن، طرح داده‌بنیاد است. جامعه پژوهش شامل کلیه والدین مسلمان دارای فرزند بالای ده سال ساکن تهران و کرج در مقطع زمانی تابستان 1395 تا تابستان 1396 بود. نمونه مورد بررسی 44 نفر از والدین مسلمان ایرانی بودند که با مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختار یافته مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. داده‌های حاصل از مصاحبه‌ها، بر اساس الگوی پارادایمی یا مدل اشتراوس و کوربین از طرح داده بنیاد مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. در نهایت، حاصل کدگذاری‌های باز، محوری و گزینشی، 216 کد اولیه، 9 مقوله 3 مضمون بود. در تجزیه و تحلیل محوری کدهای اولیه، 9 مقوله اصلی عبارت بودند از: طرد کردن، محبت/حمایت، مراقبت افراطی، انعطاف‌ناپذیری، ساختار متعادل، آشفتگی، اجبار، قاطعیت/حمایت از خودمختاری، و اهمال/ انفعال. این مقولات را می‌توان به لحاظ مفهومی از هم متمایز نمود؛ هر چند وجوه مشترکی نیز با هم دارند. در ادامه تحلیل و در کدگذاری گزینشی، 9 مقوله اصلی، حول 3 مضمون انسجام یافتند که عبارت بودند از: صمیمت (طرد‌کردن، محبت/حمایت، مراقبت‌ افراطی)، ساختار/قانون (انعطاف‌ناپذیری، ساختار متعادل، آشفتگی)، خودمختاری/آزادی عمل(اجبار، قاطعیت/حمایت از خودمختاری، اهمال/ انفعال). از مقولاتی که حول هر مضمون سازمان می‌یابند، مقولات میانی، حالتی متعادل و سالم را ترسیم می‌کند و دو مقوله اول و آخر نشان‌دهنده جنبه‌های آسیب‌شناختی آن مضمون هستند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که بیشتر والدین مورد مطالعه، از نوعی سبک استبدادی در فرزندپروری (ترکیب مراقبت افراطی، انعطاف ناپذیری و اجبار) استفاده می­کنند و فرزندپروری سالم (ترکیب محبت/حمایت، انعطاف­پذیری و حمایت از خودمختاری) در رتبه دوم قرار داشت.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Healthy and pathological aspects of parenting among Iranian families: A qualitative research

نویسندگان English

Valiollah Ramezani
Mohammad Saeed Abd Khodaee
Zahra Tabibi
Hamid Reza Aghamohammadian
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده English

The aim of this study was to investigate the healthy and pathological aspects of parenting among Iranian’s families. This study had a qualitative design and the method used is Grounded Theory. The population consisted of all Muslim parents with children over 10 years of age, living in Tehran and Karaj during the summer of 2016 to the summer of 2017. The sample consisted of 44 Muslim parents who were investigated through semi-structured interviews. The interviews' data were analyzed on the basis of grounded theory coding (coding paradigm or Strauss and Corbine method). Final codings consisted of 216 initial codes, 9 clusteres and 3 themes. In the axial analysis of the initial codes, 9 main clusters were extracted: rejection; kindness/support; over protection; inflexibility; optimum structure; chaos; coercion; assertiveness; autonomy support; negligence/passivity. Althought Theses clusters can be conceptually distinguished, but they have common features. In the selective coding, 9 clusters were integrated around 3 major themes : Intimacy (rejection; kindness/support; over protection); structure/rule (inflexibility; optimum structure; chaos); autonomy/freedom of action (coercion; assertiveness; autonomy support; negligence/passivity). Among these three themes, the medium cluster draws a balanced and healthy situation and two other clusters represent the pathological aspects of parenting. The results of this study showed that most of the parents involved in the study used a kind of authoritarian parenting style(the combination of over protection, inflexibility and coercion) and Healthy parenting (the combination of kindness/support, optimum structure and autonomy support) is located in the second rank.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

parenting
Health
Pathology
Intimacy
Structure
autonomy
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