Drapeau M, Thompson K, Petraglia J, Thygesen KL, Lecours S. Defense Mechanisms and Gender: An Examination of Two Models of Defensive Functioning Derived from the Defense Style Questionnaire. Internatinal Journal Psychology Therapy. 2011;11:149-55.
Vaillant GE. Adaptive mental mechanisms: Their role in a psychology. Journal of American psychologist. 2000;55:89-98.
Olson TR. Can defense mechanisms aid in the differentiation of depression and anxiety. [PhD. Dissertation]. Canada U Saskatchewan, Saskatoon. 2008;1-164.
Brady S, Carson C. Self-harm is associated with immature defense mechanisms but not substance use in a nonclinical Scottish adolescent sample. Journal Adolescent. 2012;35:765-7.
Zoccali R, Bellinghieri G, Mallamace A, Muscatello MR, Bruno A, Santoro D. Defense mechanisms in hemodialysis-dependent patients. Clinical Nephrology. 2006;65(2):119-23.
Cramer P. The development of defense mechanisms: Theory, research, and assessment. Springer Science & Business Media. 2012.
Davidson KW, MacGregor MW, Johnson EA, Woody EZ, Chaplin WF. The relation between defense use and adaptive behaviour. Journal of research in personality. 2004;38(2):105-29.
Cramer P, Jones CJ. Defense mechanisms predict deferential lifespan change in self-control and self-acceptance. Journal Research Personality. 2007;41:841-55.
Marsh HW, Kuyper H, Seaton M, Parker PD, Morin AJ, Möller J, Abduljabbar AS. Dimensional comparison theory: An extension of the internal/external frame of reference effect on academic self-concept formation. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 2017;39(4):326-41.
10.Ybrandt H. The relation between self-concept and social functioning in adolescence. Journal of adolescence. 2008;31(1):1-16.
Ferrando M, Prieto MD, Almeida LS, Ferrandiz C, Bermejo R, Lopez-Pina JA, Fernandez MC. Trait emotional intelligence and academic performance: Controlling for the effects of IQ, personality, and self-concept. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment. 2011;29(2):150-9.
Sirgy MJ. The self-concept in relation to product preference and purchase intention. In Marketing Horizons: A 1980's Perspective. Springer International Publishing. 2015;350-4.
Cooper D, Thatcher SM. Identification in organizations: The role of self-concept orientations and identification motives. Academy of Management Review. 2010;35(4):516-38.
Kernis MH. Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem. Psychological Inquiry. 2003;14:1-26.
Steiger AE, Allemand M, Robins RW, Fend HA. Low and decreasing self-esteem during adolescence predict adult depression two decades later. Journal of personality and social psychology. 2014;106(2):325.
Seaton M, Parker P, Marsh HW, Craven RG, Yeung AS. The reciprocal relations between self-concept, motivation and achievement: juxtaposing academic self-concept and achievement goal orientations for mathematics success. Educational Psychology.2014;34(1):49-72.
Hayes, A.M., Harris, M.S., & Carver, C.S. (2004). Predictors of self-esteem variability. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28, 369–385.
Esposito, A.J., Kobak, R., & Little, M. (2005). Aggression and self-esteem: A diary study of children’s reactivity to negative interpersonal events. Journal of Personality, 73, 887–906.
De Man, A.F., & Gutierrez, B.I.B. (2002). The relationship between level of self-esteem and suicidal ideation with stability of self-esteem as moderator. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 34, 235–238.
Paradise, A.W., & Kernis, M.H. (2002). Self-esteem and psychological well-being: Implications of fragile self-esteem. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 21, 345–361.
Halim MH, Sabri F. Relationship between defense mechanisms and coping styles among relapsing addicts. Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2013;84:1829-37.
Waqas A, Rehman A, Malik A, Muhammad U, Khan S, Mahmood N. Association of ego defense mechanisms with academic performance, anxiety and depression in medical students: a mixed methods study. Cureus. 2015;7(9).
Rice TR, Hoffman L. Defense mechanisms and implicit emotion regulation: a comparison of a psychodynamic construct with one from contemporary neuroscience. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association. 2014;11:454-66.
Diehl M, Chui H, Hay EL, Lumley, MA, Gruhn D, Labouvie-Vief G. Change in coping and defense mechanisms across adulthood: Longitudinal findings in a European American sample. Developmental Psychology. 2014;50(2):634.
Hoyle RH. Structural equation modelling: concepts, issues and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1995.
Kline RB. Principles and practice of Structural equation modelling. New York & London: Guilford Press; 2005.
Griffiths LJ, Parsons TJ, Hill AJ. Self-esteem and quality of life in obese children and adolescents: A systematic review. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. 2010;5:282-304.
Andrews G, Singh M, Bond M. The Defense style questionnaire. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1993;181:246-56.
Heidarinasab L. Comparison of defense mechanisms in clinical and non-clinical samples based on psychometric findings of Iranian defense styles questionnaire. Tarbiat Modares University. 2006 [Persian].
Beck AT, Steer R, Brown G, Epstein N. The Beck Self-Concept Test. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1985;2:191-7.
Beck AT, Steer RA, Epstein N. Self‐concept dimensions of clinically depressed and anxious outpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1992;48(4):423-32.
Mohammadi B. Self-concept and depression. Tarbiat Modares University. 1993 [Persian].
Ching Lin T, Chih Huang C. Understanding social loafing in knowledge contribution from the perspectives of justice and trust, Expert Systems with Applications. 2009;36:6156-63.
Carlsson I. Anxiety and flexibility of defense related to high or low creativity. Creativity Research Journal. 2002;14(3&4):341-9.
Martindale C. Creativity, primordial cognition, and personality. Personality and Individual Differences. 2007;43(7):1777-85.
Cramer P. Personality change in later adulthood is predicted by defense mechanism use in early adulthood. Journal of Research in Personality. 2003;37(1):76-104.
Feist J, Feist GJ. Theories of personality. Mc Graw Hill, NY. 2006.