بررسی نقش واسطه‌ای معنای زندگی در اثربخشی درمان وجودی-پذیرش محور بر احساس تنهایی و ترس از مرگ سالمندان مبتلا به بیماری‌های جسمی مزمن

نویسندگان
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش واسطه‌ای معنای زندگی در اثربخشی درمان وجودی-پذیرش محور بر احساس تنهایی و ترس از مرگ در سالمندان مبتلا به بیماری‌های جسمی مزمن انجام شد. این پژوهش نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون و پیگیری با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی سالمندان مبتلا به بیماری‌های جسمی مزمن مراجعه‌کننده به درمانگاه‌های تخصصی مجتمع بیمارستانی امام خمینی و کلینیک تخصصی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی شهر تهران در سال ۱۴۰۵ بود. از میان آن‌ها، ۳۰ نفر به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب و به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش (۱۵ نفر) و کنترل (۱۵ نفر) جایگزین شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه احساس تنهایی دهشری، پرسشنامه ترس از مرگ کالت-لستر و پرسشنامه معنای زندگی (MLQ) بود. گروه آزمایش تحت ۸ جلسه ۹۰ دقیقه‌ای مداخله درمان وجودی-پذیرش محور قرار گرفت، در حالی که گروه کنترل مداخله‌ای دریافت نکرد. داده‌ها با روش تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر و تحلیل مسیر، تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که درمان وجودی-پذیرش محور به‌طور معناداری باعث کاهش احساس تنهایی و ترس از مرگ در سالمندان گروه آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه کنترل شده است. همچنین نتایج تحلیل واسطه‌ای تایید کرد که معنای زندگی در رابطه بین این رویکرد درمانی با کاهش احساس تنهایی و ترس از مرگ، نقش واسطه‌ای مثبت و معناداری ایفا می‌کند. بر اساس یافته‌ها، درمان وجودی-پذیرش محور از طریق بازسازی نظام معنایی، تقویت انعطاف‌پذیری روان‌شناختی و پذیرش واقعیت‌های وجودی، راهبردی موثر برای کاهش فرسودگی روانی و اضطراب‌های بنیادین در سالمندان مبتلا به بیماری‌های مزمن محسوب می‌شود؛ بنابراین، استفاده از این پروتکل در کلینیک‌های روان‌شناسی سلامت و درمانگاه‌های تخصصی طب سالمندی توصیه می‌گردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluating the Mediating Role of Meaning in Life in the Effectiveness of Existential-Acceptance Therapy on Loneliness and Death Anxiety Among Older Adults with Chronic Physical Illnesses

نویسندگان English

leyla sadat modarresi
parisa kolahi
arsalan barekat
taiebe delshad
soheila rahmani
amineh jalali
چکیده English

The present study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of meaning in life in the effectiveness of existential-acceptance therapy on loneliness and death anxiety among older adults with chronic physical illnesses. This semi-experimental study utilized a pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population comprised all older adults with chronic physical illnesses who referred to the specialized clinics of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex and the specialized clinic of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran in 2026. Among them, 30 participants were selected using purposive sampling and randomly assigned into two groups: experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). The research instruments included Dhahiri’s Loneliness Scale, the Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90-minute existential-acceptance therapy intervention, while the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and path analysis. The results indicated that existential-acceptance therapy significantly reduced loneliness and death anxiety in the experimental group compared to the control group. Furthermore, the mediation analysis confirmed that meaning in life plays a positive and significant mediating role in the relationship between this therapeutic approach and the reduction of loneliness and death anxiety. Based on the findings, existential-acceptance therapy, through the reconstruction of the meaning system, enhancement of psychological flexibility, and acceptance of existential realities, serves as an effective strategy to alleviate psychological burnout and fundamental anxieties in older adults with chronic illnesses; therefore, utilizing this protocol in health psychology clinics and specialized geriatric clinics is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Existential-Acceptance Therapy
loneliness
Death anxiety
meaning in life
Chronic Physical Illnesses
Older Adults
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